SUBSTITUTIONS

* 1 cup all-purpose flour =1 cup plus 2 tablespoon cake flour
* 1 cup cake flour = 1 cup minus 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
* 1 cup self-rising flour = 1 cup all-purpose flour, 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder, and 1/2 teaspoon salt.
* 1 teaspoon baking powder = 1 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar.
* 1 tablespoon cornstarch = 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour.
* 1 tablespoon tapioca = 1 1/2 tablespoons all-purpose flour.
* 1 package active dry yeast = 2 1/4 teaspoons dry or 1 package compressed yeast.
* 1 cup dry bread crumbs = 3/4 cup cracker crumbs.
* 1 cup packed brown sugar = 1 cup granulated sugar or 2 cups powdered sugar, plus 1 tablespoon molasses.
* 1 cup honey = 1 1/4 cups sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid or 1 cup corn syrup or molasses.
* 1 cup milk = 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water
* 1 cup buttermilk or sour milk = 1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice plus sweet milk to equal 1 cup.
* 1 cup heavy cream = 3/4 cup skim milk plus 1/3 cup butter.
* 1 cup sour cream = 7/8 cup sour milk plus 3 tablespoons butter.
* 1 cup yogurt = 1 cup buttermilk or sour milk.
* 1 cup whipping cream, whipped = 2 cups whipped dessert topping.
* 2 large eggs = 3 small eggs.
* 1 egg = 2 egg yolks (for custards).
* 1 egg = 2 egg yolks plus 1 tablespoon water (for cookies).
* 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate = 3 tablespoons baking cocoa plus 1 tablespoon shortening, butter or margarine.
* 1 ounce semisweet chocolate = 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate plus 1 tablespoon sugar.
* 1 cup catsup; ketchup = 1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup sugar and 2 tablespoons vinegar.
* 1 tablespoon prepared mustard = 1 teaspoon dry mustard.
* 1 teaspoon lemon juice = 1 teaspoon vinegar.
* 1 cup wine = 1 cup apple juice, apple cider, chicken or beef broth.
* 1 clove of garlic = 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder or 1/8 teaspoon instant minced garlic or 3/4 teaspoon garlic salt or 5 drops liquid garlic.
* 1 medium onion = 1 tablespoon dried minced onion or 1 teaspoon onion powder.
* 1 tablespoon fresh herbs = 1 teaspoon dried herbs or 1/4 teaspoon powdered herbs.
* 1/4 cup chopped fresh parsley = 1 tablespoon dried parsley flakes.
* 1 cup canned tomatoes = About 1 1/3 cups chopped tomato, simmered for 10 minutes.
* 1 cup tomato juice = 1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water.
* 1 pound fresh mushrooms = 6 ounces canned mushrooms.

METRIC CONVERSIONS

·1 teaspoon (US) = 1/6 ounce 4.929 milliliters

·1 tablespoon (US) = 0.5 ounce 14.79 milliliters

·1 fluid ounce (US) = 1 ounce 29.57 milliliters

·1 gill (US) = 4 ounces 118 milliliters

·1 cup (US) = 8 ounces 236.6 milliliters

·1 pint (US) = 16 ounces 473.2 milliliters

·1 quart (US) = 32 ounces 946.3 milliliters

·1 gallon (US) = 128 ounces 3.785 liters

·1 cubic inch = 0.5541 ounces 16.387 milliliters

·1 teaspoon (UK) = 1.2 teaspoons 6.16 milliliters

·1 dessert spoon (UK) = 2.4 teaspoons 12.32 milliliters

·1 tablespoon (UK) = 1.2 tablespoons 18.48 milliliters

·1 fluid ounce (UK) = 0.96076 ounces 28.4 milliliters

·1 gill (UK) = 1.2 gills 142 milliliters

·1 breakfast cup (UK) = 1.2 cups 284 milliliters

·1 pint (UK) = 1.2 pints 568 milliliters

·1 quart (UK) = 1.2 quarts 1.136 liters

·1 gallon (UK) = 1.2 gallons 4.546 liters

·1 milliliter = 0.203 teaspoon l milliliter

·1 centiliter = 2.03 teaspoons 10 milliliters

·1 deciliter = 0.423 cup 100 milliliters

·1 liter = 1.057 quarts 1000 milliliters

·1 dekaliter = 2.642 gallons 10000 milliliters

·1 teaspoon (metric) = 1.015 teaspoons 5 milliliters

·1 tablespoon (metric) = 3.044 teaspoons 15 milliliters

·1 standard cup = 1.0567 cups 250 milliliters

COMMON EQUIVALENTS

* 1/2 teaspoon = 30 drops
* 1 teaspoon = 1/3 tablespoon or 60 drops
* 3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon or 1/2 fluid ounce
* 1/2 tablespoon = 1 1/2 teaspoons
* 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons or 1/2 fluid ounce
* 2 tablespoons = 1/8 cup or 1 fluid ounce
* 3 tablespoons = 1 1/2 fluid ounce or 1 jigger
* 4 tablespoons = 1/4 cup or 2 fluid ounces
* 5 1/3 tablespoons = 1/3 cup or 5 tablespoons + 1 teaspoon
* 8 tablespoons = 1/2 cup or 4 fluid ounces
* 10 2/3 tablespoons = 2/3 cup or 10 tablespoons + 2 teaspoons
* 12 tablespoons = 3/4 cup or 6 fluid ounces
* 16 tablespoons = 1 cup or 8 fluid ounces or 1/2 pint
* 1/8 cup = 2 tablespoons or 1 fluid ounce
* 1/4 cup = 4 tablespoons or 2 fluid ounces
* 1/3 cup = 5 tablespoons + 1 teaspoon
* 3/8 cup = 1/4 cup + 2 tablespoons
* 1/2 cup = 8 tablespoons or 4 fluid ounces or 1 gill
* 2/3 cup = 10 tablespoons + 2 teaspoons
* 5/8 cup = 1/2 cup + 2 tablespoons
* 3/4 cup = 12 tablespoons or 6 fluid ounces
* 7/8 cup = 3/4 cup + 2 tablespoons
* 1 cup = 16 tablespoons or 1/2 pint or 8 fluid ounces
* 2 cups = 1 pint or 16 fluid ounces
* 1 pint = 2 cups or 16 fluid ounces
* 1 quart = 2 pints or 4 cups or 32 fluid ounces
* 1 gallon = 4 quarts or 8 pints or 16 cups or 128 fluid ounces